对1994版和2019版《小妇人》电影的赏析

对1994版和2019版《小妇人》电影的赏析

"Little Women", a dramatic and emotional novel written by American author Louisa May Alcott, is considered a masterpiece in the history of women's literature. Set against the backdrop of the American Civil War, the book showcases the growth journey of the four March sisters - Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy - in 19th century America. It also highlights the prevalent wealth disparity and social issues during the rise of capitalism, as well as the moral standards of different classes, making it a highly realistic work. Inspired by the author's personal experiences, "Little Women" has a strong autobiographical flavor. It enjoys a wide readership across different age groups and is a household name. The book has been adapted into four different film versions, and today we will mainly explore the differences between the 1994 and 2019 versions of "Little Wome".

美国作家露意莎·梅·奥尔柯特创作的小说《小妇人》是一部极具戏剧性和情感的女性小说，是女性文学史上的一朵奇葩。它以美国南北战争为背景，向读者展示了美国19世纪马奇一家四姐妹﹣﹣梅格、乔、贝斯和艾米成长历程。本书也体现了在资本主义上升阶段普遍存在的贫富差距和社会弊病以及各个阶级的道德标准，具有现实色彩。此书也是根据作者的亲身经历写出，颇有自传色彩。它的读者年龄段分布也极广，是家喻户晓的一本名著。这部书也被改编成了四个不同版本的电影，今天我们主要来赏析一下1994版和2019版的《小妇人》不同之处。

First: The director style

The 1994 version was directed by Gillian Armstrong, who is famous for her delicate emotional portrayal and in-depth exploration of characters' inner worlds. The 1994 film follows the normal time sequence and aligns with the original storyline, allowing the audience to better understand the causality of events. On the other hand, the 2019 version was directed by Greta Gerwig, who is known for innovative narrative techniques. She employed non-linear narration in the 2019 film, interweaving the sisters' childhood and adulthood, creating stark contrasts between scenes. This juxtaposition of the idyllic past and the harsh reality of adulthood invites deep contemplation.

一、导演风格的不同：

1994年版的导演是吉莉安·阿姆斯特朗，她以细腻的情感描绘和对角色内心世界的深入挖掘而著名。1994版电影按照正常时间顺序叙述，与原著剧情相符，使观众能更好地理解故事的前后因果关系。

2019年版的导演则是格蕾塔·葛韦格，她以创新的叙事手法著称。在拍摄2019版本时采用了非线性叙事，将四姐妹的童年生活和成年生活不断交错展现，某些场景下的对比非常强烈，童年的美好憧憬和成年后的现实世界赤裸裸的摆在一起，引人深思。

      

Second: The color application and makeup design

The 1994 version pays more attention to historical authenticity and details in its costume design. For example, wide skirts, hats, and gloves are typical clothing for women at that time. Its overall color is also more inclined towards warm tones, with a hazy granular sense, giving it an aged feeling. It is warm and nostalgic, creating a retro atmosphere for the audience. The makeup and color processing methods in this version are in line with the historical background of the novel, allowing the audience to feel more immersed. Compare with it, the 2019 version of "Little Women" chooses a more fashionable and modern makeup design, reflecting the current self-expression and pursuit of women. It mainly uses cool tones, accompanied by niche hues, making the entire picture particularly aesthetic and highly modern. At the same time, its color application is also rich in changes. For example, at the end of the story, Jo and the professor use warm tones at the station. This color change can better reflect the plot, symbolize certain aspects, and also bring the audience closer.

二、色彩运用和妆造方面

1994年版的电影服装设计上更注重历史的真实性和细节，比如宽大的裙子、帽子和手套等都是当时女性的典型服饰。它的整体色彩也更偏向暖色调，具有朦胧的颗粒感，具有年代感，温馨而怀旧，为观众营造出一种复古的氛围。它的妆造和色彩处理方式与本部小说的时代背景相吻合，让人更能够更加地身临其境。2019年版的《小妇人》则选择更加时尚和现代化的妆造设计，体现了当下女性的自我表达和追求。它以冷色调为主，配以小众色调，使得整个画面显得特别唯美，也极具现代感。同时，它的色彩运用还富有变化感。比如在故事的结尾，乔和教授在车站采用的则是暖色调。这种色彩变化能够更好的体现剧情，具有象征性，也能拉近与观众的距离。



Third:The narrative skill

The two versions of the movie "Little Women" differ greatly in their narrative techniques. The 1994 version adopts a single linear narrative, showing the growth process of the four sisters in a chronological order, allowing the audience to understand the character's emotional changes and the causality of the story. In contrast, the 2019 version breaks with traditional storytelling methods, innovatively using a non-linear narrative structure with montage characteristics. This version boldly breaks and reconstructs the original story, creating two parallel narrative lines of "reality" and "memory". These two lines interweave repeatedly, experiencing a total of 26 times of transitions from memory to reality and from reality to memory. This layered non-linear narrative structure makes the story more profound and complex. The 2019 version also made some adjustments to the ending design, such as Jo's rejection of Laurie and her inner struggles. In my opinion, the ending of the 1994 version is open-ended, we can understand that Jo ended up with Professor, or we can think that Jo went to the station to find Professor just for another possible ending where she could get her book published, and the director only filmed this, but in fact, Jo is still single.

三、叙述手法上

两版电影在叙述手法上有着很大的不同。

1994年版的电影采取了单线性叙事，故事按照正常的时间顺序展开，展现了四姐妹的成长历程，观众可以很直观地理解角色的情感变化和故事的前后因果关系。相较之下，2019年版的《小妇人》则打破了传统的叙事方式，创新性地采用了非线性叙事结构，具有蒙太奇式的特征。该版本大胆地将原著的故事打破重构，分化出“现实”和“回忆”两条叙事线，这两条线并行穿插，前后经过了整整26次的从回忆到现实、从现实到回忆的转变。这种叠层处理的非线性叙事结构，让故事更具深度和复杂性。2019版电影还在结局设计上做了一些调整，比如关于乔拒绝劳利以及乔内心的挣扎等。在我看来，19版电影结局具有开放性，我们可以理解为乔最后和教授在一起了，也可以认为乔去车站找教授只不过是为了能够是自己的书能够出版而写的另一结局，导演也只是把这个拍摄了出来，但实际上乔依旧是独身一人。

Forth: The themes

The 1994 version focuses more on family, kinship, and female independence. It tells the story of how the four daughters of March grew up in poverty and how they pursued their dreams and love. This version emphasizes the challenges and difficulties faced by feminism in society at that time, with a stronger focus on group characters.

In contrast, the 2019 version of "Little Women" emphasizes the progress and difficulties of feminism in the present. The new version uses Jo's life experience as the main thread throughout the whole movie, telling the story from Jo's perspective, emphasizing the importance of women, reflecting women's beginning to break traditional ideas, being more modern and independent in their thoughts. As Jo said to her mother in the play: "I just feel like...women, they...They have minds and they have souls,as well as just hearts.And they've got ambition and they've got talent,as well as just beauty. And I'm so sick of people saying that love is just all a woman is fit for." This clearly reflects the awakening of women's thoughts.

四、主题上不同

1994年版的电影主题更注重家庭、亲情和女性独立。它讲述了马奇家的四个女儿如何在贫困中成长，以及她们如何追求自己的梦想和爱情。这个版本的电影强调了女性主义在当时的社会中所面临的挑战和困境，更具有群像性。

相较之下，2019年版的《小妇人》则更加强调女性主义在当下的进步和困境。新版电影以主要乔的人生经历作为贯穿全剧的主线，从乔的视角来进行叙事，强调了女性的重要性，体现女性开始打破了传统思想，更具现代性，思想更加独立。正如剧中乔对妈妈说的话一样："I just feel like...women, they...They have minds and they have souls,as well as just hearts.And they've got ambition and they've got talent,as well as just beauty. And I'm so sick of people saying that love is just all a woman is fit for."这都很鲜明的体现了女性思想的觉醒。


Through the above introduction, we can see the differences between the two versions of the movie. However, no matter what, "Little Women" shows us the growth of women and the unique charm they radiate. Both the original book and these two movies are definitely worth watching, and everyone is sure to gain their own unique insights from them!

通过上面的介绍可以看出两版电影的不同之处，但不论如何，《小妇人》都向我们展示了女性的成长，展现了女性所散发出来的独特魅力，无论是原著还是这两部电影，它们都是非常值得我们一看的，大家也一定能够从中得到独属于自己的感悟！